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(No Model.) 4- Y, 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.v A. I'. FIRTH.

`LOOM PoRwEAv-ING PILE FABRICS.

No. 413,440. Patented Oct. 22, 1889.

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A. P. PIRTH.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS. Nn.` 413,440. Patented Oct. 22,1889.

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l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALeERNoN E. EIETH, or BRiGiioUsE, COUNTY or YORK, ENGLAND.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,440, dated'October22, 1889. Application filed May 22, V1889. Serial No. 811,696 (Nomodel.)

To all whomI may concern:

Be it known that I, ALGERNON F. FIRTH, of Brighouse, in the county ofYork, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Looms forWeaving Pile Fabrics, of which' the following is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, andto the letters of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics, such as tapestryand velvet carpets, consisting of a ground fabric having a pile suitablysecured thereto. These fabrics have heretofore been woven with what istech# nically known as a double chainthat is, the filling or weftthreads have been bound together by a series of warp-threads, known asline-chain threads, arranged in pairs, pass! ing alternately from oneside to the other of the ground or body of the fabric in oppositedirections, one thread of each pair passing over every alternate weft-thread on the upper side of the fabric and under every alternateweft-thread on the other side thereof, the intermediate wefts on eachside of the fabri'c being bound in the same manner by the other threadof the pair.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for weaving suchpile fabrics with a series of single fine-chain threads, of which eachone shall bind all the weft-threads together by passing alternately fromone side of the ground fabric to the other over each top weft and undereach bottom weft, thereby dispensing entirely with one thread from eachof the pairs heretofore used; and to this end it consists in the novelarrangement and combination of mechanism which I will now proceed todescribe, and point out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation, partly insection, of a tapestry-loom, showing principally the healds and theiroperating mechanism embraced ininy invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional viewthereof in elevation on the line a; 0c, Fig. l, looking toward the frontof the loom. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view in elevation,showing the position of the warp-threads when the healds are in thereverse posit-ion to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a plan view,

partly in section, showing the arrangement of the healds and theiroperating mechanism. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of thelieald-actuating cams D E. Fig. 6 is a full-size perspective view of aportion of the heald G. Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of thefabric produced by my invention. Fig. 8 is a plan view of a portion of aloom, showing the arrangement of the wire and shuttle or 'weft actuatingmechanisms. Fig. 9 is 'a front elevation lshowing the same features, andFig. 10 is a detail view showing the camv and lever which operate thepicking-stick.

A is the main driving-shaft of the loom, suitably journaled in the frameB. Upon the shaft A is secured a gear-wlieel a, which meshes with ageanwheel c on the shaft-C, also suitably journaled in the frame of theloom. Upon the shaft C are also fixed tappets or cams D and E, which areshown as box-cams, having eccentric grooves in their surfaces. The innerends of levers d eare connected by the links CZ e with the lowerportions of the framework of the healds F and G, and said levers arepivoted between their ends to the framework of the loom, as shown at d2e2. Studs or rollers d3 e3, secured upon the outer ends of the levers dc, are adapted to fit loosely in the grooves in the cams D and E, sothat when rotary motion is imparted to the driving-shaft of the loom andthe cams revolved the eccentricity or irregularity ofthe grooves movesthe outer ends, of the levers .toward and away from the shaft C, and thelevers, swinging freely onl their respective pivots, impart areciprocating movement in the reverse direction to the healds F and Thecams D and E are somewhat similar in shape; but cam E has the largerthrow, SO-

tliat nearly twice as much movement is mparted by it to the lever e asis given by the cam D to lever d. The cams are secured to the shaft C atright angles to each other, so that as the roller da is farthest fromthe center of shaft B the roller e3 will be nearest to D and E aretherebyit, and as the outer end of the lever d is raised thecorresponding end of lever e will vbe lowered, or, in other words, whenthe roller d3 is resting upon the surface of cam D at the point markedl, Fig. 5, the roller c3 will rest IOO Vslot g2 immediately below theeye.

upon the surface of cam E at the point marked 1 on the latter cam, andas that portion of the surface of cam yD lying between the points marked1 and 2 passes under the roller d3 that portion of the surface of cam Elying between 1 and 2 will also be traversed by the roller ci. Theframe-work of the healds is of the usual construction, and the rodsconstituting the sides'thereof are adapted to slide in guides b @whichserve to maintain the healds in a vertical position as they .move up anddown. The wires f and g extend continuously from side to side of theirrespective heald-frames; but for the sake of clearness I haveillustrated only a few of the wires in each heald.

The heald F carries all the inechain threads T, each of which passesthrough an eye f', supported at or near the center of the heald by wiresf, attached to the heald-frame in the usual manner.

The heald G carries the worsted or colorwarp threads T2, which form thepile of the fabric, and also carries the stutter-threads T3. Each wire gof the heald G is provided with an eye g and with an independentelongated The color-warp or pile threads pass through the eyes g and thestuffer-threads pass through the slots g2, the elongation of whichallows considerable lost motion in the movement of the stutter-threads.It will thus Abe seenl that the relative positions of the pile-warp andstutfer threads are not always the same at different positions of theheald G, for when the latter is raised to its highest point thepile-warps lie in the eyes g', and the stutterthreads, which are thensupported by the bottom surfaces of the slots g2, are separated from thepilewarps by a distance equal to that between the bottoms of the eyes gand the bottoms of the slots g2. This distance is sufficient to form ashed, in which the pilewire is inserted, as hereinafter stated. As theheald G is lowered, the stuffer-threads, after being lowered to anapproximately horizontal position, are not actuated by the heald untilthe upper surfaces of the slots g2 come in contact with them, when theyare separated from the pile-warps only by a distance equal to thatbetween the tops of the eyes rg and slots g2, thus lying nearly in thesame plane when the heald which carries them is at its lowest point.

The different warp-threads T T2 T3 are carried upon their proper beams,which are appropriately supported by the frame-work of the loom, and thewoven fabric is wound upon a drum at the front of the loom in the usualmanner. The loom is also provided with a lay H, of the usual andwell-known form, carrying the reed and shuttle-boxes. The shuttle orweft actuating mechanism may also be of any of the usual forms. In thatshown in Figs. 8 and 9 the picking-stick I is suitably pivoted to theframe of the loom, and a lever z' is also pivoted at the rearof theloom-frame back of and beneath the main driving-shaft A. A cam orprojection '11 on the driving-shaft A will depress the lever slightly at'each revolution. This causes the forward end of the lever to press downupon the toe 2 of the picking-stick, throwing the latter :forward andprojecting the shuttle through its course. The coil-spring i3 draws thepicking-stick back into position as soon as the pressure of the lever onthe toe i2 is re'- lieved. This apparatus, as will of course beunderstood, is duplicated on the other side of the loom, so that theshuttle is thrown alternately from each side thereof.

For inserting the wires under the pile-warp I have shown and prefer touse the wire-actuating mechanism shown, described, and claimed in theUnited States patent to Firth and Boothman, No. 245,291, dated August 9,1881; but any other of the many well-known forms of apparatus adapted tothis purpose may be employed. The operation of this device is wellunderstood by those skilled in the art and is fully set forth in saidpatent. A sliding carriage J, fitted upon a rail j, is moved back andforth along said rail by means of the link j and lever j2. The levert7'2 receives its oscillatory motion from the cam ji, mounted on shaftC. The carriage J is provided with a hookj", which, as the carriage ismoved up toward the fabric, catches the looped end of thewire that hasbeen longest in the fabric, and as the carriage is moved back to the p0-sition shown in Fig. 9 the wire is carried with it, and the nippers j,attached te the slide j, grasp the looped end of the wire, removing itfrom the hook. As the carriage J is moved forward, the wire is pushedinto the proper shed between the stuffer and pile warps. This operationis assisted by the spring j?, which supports the outer end of the wire,and by the curved guide-rod js, which causes the slide j to movelaterally over toward the shed independently of the carriage J.

I willnow proceed to describe the operation of my invention. The loombeing in motion, when the cams D and E are in the positions shown in 1and 2, the heald F, carrying the fine-chain threads, is at its lowestpoint, and the heald G, carrying thepile and stuffer threads, iselevated to its highest point. A double shed is thus formed by thesedifferent threads, the fine-chain threads lying at the bottom of theshed, the pile-threads at the' top thereof, and the stuffer threads(which now lie at the bottoms of the slots g2) being about midwaybetween the pile and tine-chain threads. As the cams D and E revolve inthe direction shown by the arrows, those portions of their respectivesurfaces lying between the points marked 1 and 2 now come in contactwith the rollers cl3 c3, and, as such portions of the cam-surfaces areconcen- IOI) IIO

and inserted in the upper portion of this open shed between the pile andstuffer threads,the plane of its course being approximately sh own bythe circle IV. Then the revolution of the cams brings the points thereonmarked 2 beneath the rollersd3 e3, on account of the eccentricity of thecam-surfaces, which commence at or about this point, the outer end ofthe lever d will commence to fall and the outer end of lever e to rise,whereby heald -F` will begin to rise and heald G to fall. During thismovement of the healds the lay II advances and beats the weft-threadjust inserted up to the fell of the fabric and returns to its positionagain. When the eccentric surfaces of the cams lying between the pointsmarked 2 and 3 have been traversed by the rollers d3 e3, the positionsofthe healds will have been reversed, the heald F having reacheditshighest and heald G its lowest point, as shown in Fig. 3. This reversalof their positions causes a new shed to be formed, in which thefinechain threads are at the top, and the pile and stuffer threads,which have been brought nearly together during the descent of the healdG, are at the bottom. Owing to the concentricity of those portions ofthe camgrooves lying between the points 3 and 4, which now come incontact with the rollers d3 e3, a dwell is again imparted to thehe'alds, and, the fabric having in the meantime been moved forwardsufliciently to permit it, the shuttle is projected on its return flightto the box from which it was iirst thrown, and carries the weft throughthe open shed under the fine-chain threads and over the pile and stuiferthreads. No pile-wire is inserted while the shuttle is making thisflight, the wire mechanism being employed in removing a wire from thefabric for insertion in the next succeeding shed. rlhose portions of thecamgrooves lying between the points 3 and 4 having been traversed by therollers di c3, the heald F now commences to fall and the heald G" torise, the lay during this movement again advancing and beating up theweft-thread last inserted. The downward movement of heald F carries thefine-chain threads again to the bottom of the fabric, and the upwardmovement of heald G carries the pile-warps to the top of the fabric, theelongation of the slots g2 permitting the stuffer threads `to lie` farenough .below the pile-threads to admit the pile-wire. The healds arenow once more in the position shown in Fig. 1, and .the double shed rstdescribed is thus again formed. The cams D and E have now `made one-halfof one revolution, and during the remainder thereof and until the fabricis completely woven the operations Just described are repeatedalternately, the sheds recurring successively at each quarter-revolutionof the cams, and the weft being carried through Athe sheds above thefine-chain threads on one flight of the shuttle and below them on itsreturn iiight.

It will thus be seen that by my novel arrangement of the warp-threads,healds, and actuating mechanism all 'the' ine chain threads in thefabric are carried to one side i.

of the course of the shuttle for one flight of,

the same and to the opposite side of its course for its return flight,thereby producing a fabric in which the weft-threads are bound togetherby a series of single fine-chain threads, each one of which passes overeach topweftthread and under each "bottom weft-thread in the fabricalternately, as shown in Fig. `7', By means of my invention I am enabledto rproduce a woven pile fabric with -a single chain which is quite asdurable and fully equal in appearance to that `woven with a doublechain, thereby saving considerably# nearly onehalfin the cost of thematerial for the fine chain.` My invention also simpliiies the loom verymuch, as only two healds are required instead of three or more, and awrong shoot, which so often occursin the tapestry-looms heretofore used,is rendered impossible, since with my invention 1t makes no differencefrom which box or through which shed the shuttle is iirst thrown.

I wish it distinctly understood that my in-` vention is not limited tothe speciiic devices shown and described for operating the healds, sinceit is obvious that the same end can be attain ed in various ways. Forinstance, cams may be used having only one rising and one falling grade,the speed of the shaft C being doubled and that of shaft A remaining thesame; and, again, the levers d e.` may, if desired, be entirelydispensed with and thee-ams arranged t-o engage directly with the linksd e or with the lower parts ofthe healds.

having wires with eyes g g2, and mechanism Ioo .izo

for actuating said heald, in combination with a lay, Wire-actuatingmechanism, and Wefttion with a lay, Wire-actuating mechanism, actuatingmechanism, substantially as and for and weft-actuating mechanism,substantially the purposes seb forth. as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a loom for Weaving` pile fabrics, the l 5 heald F, having WiresWith eyes f', cam D, ALGERNON F. FIRTH.

provided with two rising and two falling Vitnesses: grades, connectionsbetween said heald and WVM. FINDLAY, said Cain, the heald G, havingWires with Clif/fon Mills, Brghouse. eyes g g2, the 0am E, andconnections be- XV, NAYLOR,

ro tween Said heaid and said cam, in eombina- Ba/zhce Bridge,nem'Brighouse.

